Swiss Association for Smith-Magenis Syndrome

Making daily life easier for families in Geneva

Smith-Magenis Syndrome is rare, and practical local information is hard to find. Séquence 17 brings practical information, useful contacts and sourced resources into one place.

Inclusion is not a favour, it is the recognition of the infinite potential present in every child.

Geneva, SwitzerlandLux Post Tenebras

Le syndrome de Smith-Magenis

Le syndrome de Smith-Magenis est une maladie génétique rare qui touche le développement et peut avoir des répercussions sur de nombreux aspects de la vie quotidienne. Dans la majorité des cas, il est dû à la perte d’un petit morceau du chromosome 17, dans une région appelée 17p11.2. Plus rarement, le syndrome est lié à une modification (variante) d’un gène appelé RAI1. Il ne s’agit généralement pas d’une maladie transmise par les parents : dans la plupart des cas, l’anomalie génétique apparaît spontanément lors de la formation des cellules reproductrices ou au tout début du développement.

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Les manifestations du syndrome sont très variables d’une personne à l’autre. Elles peuvent notamment comprendre un retard du développement, des difficultés d’apprentissage et de communication, des particularités dans le traitement des informations sensorielles, ainsi que des difficultés attentionnelles ou des caractéristiques associées aux troubles du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) et au TDAH. Des troubles du comportement peuvent également être présents.

L’une des particularités les plus marquantes du syndrome concerne le sommeil et l’horloge biologique. Le rythme circadien est perturbé et, chez de nombreuses personnes, le rythme de sécrétion de la mélatonine est inversé. Cela peut entraîner un endormissement difficile, des réveils nocturnes ou un réveil très précoce, avec des conséquences importantes sur la fatigue et le quotidien de toute la famille.

Pour aller un peu plus loin

Sur le plan génétique, le syndrome de Smith-Magenis est principalement associé à une microdélétion de la région 17p11.2, qui comprend notamment le gène RAI1. La délétion « classique » concerne environ 3,7 Mb d’ADN, mais sa taille peut varier. Dans une minorité de cas, le syndrome est lié à une variante pathogène du gène RAI1 sans délétion de cette région. La perte d’une copie fonctionnelle de RAI1 explique une grande partie des manifestations caractéristiques du syndrome, notamment certaines perturbations du rythme circadien.

Le syndrome peut également s’accompagner d’hypotonie dans l’enfance, de difficultés motrices, de troubles ORL et auditifs, de particularités ophtalmologiques, de problèmes dentaires, de scoliose, de crises épileptiques ou encore de difficultés alimentaires et pondérales. Ces manifestations ne sont pas présentes chez toutes les personnes concernées et leur intensité peut être très différente d’un individu à l’autre. Des problèmes de santé associés peuvent également concerner, entre autres, le cœur, les reins ou le système nerveux.

La philosophie de Séquence 17

Notre association est une porte d’entrée vers le syndrome de Smith-Magenis et, plus largement, vers le monde du handicap. Faire connaître, expliquer, partager et rendre l’information plus accessible, c’est contribuer à faire évoluer les regards et à construire une société où le handicap a toute sa place. Parce que chaque enfant mérite qu’on lui donne toutes les chances d’aller décrocher la lune, ses parents ont eux aussi besoin d’être informés, soutenus et entourés.

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Lorsqu’on accompagne un enfant en situation de handicap, chaque journée peut demander un peu plus d’énergie, de temps et de ressources. C’est pourquoi nous avons voulu créer un espace qui simplifie les choses. Ici, pas de mode d’emploi miracle, mais des informations utiles, accessibles et concrètes pour mieux s’y retrouver dans les démarches, les thérapies, les moyens auxiliaires, l’école, l’AI et les nombreuses institutions qui font partie du quotidien des familles à Genève. L’idée est simple : moins de temps passé à chercher, comprendre et démêler les informations, c’est plus de temps et d’énergie pour ce qui compte vraiment.

Un diagnostic ne prédit pas l’avenir

Chaque personne porte le syndrome de Smith-Magenis à sa manière. Les difficultés peuvent être très différentes d’un enfant à l’autre, tout comme les progrès, les capacités et les chemins empruntés. Le diagnostic donne des clés pour comprendre, mais il ne raconte pas toute l’histoire.

Il est impossible de savoir exactement de quoi demain sera fait — et c’est aussi une bonne nouvelle. Avec un accompagnement adapté, des apprentissages, du temps et un environnement qui tient compte de ses besoins, chaque enfant peut continuer à évoluer et à révéler ses propres possibilités. Alors, plutôt que de chercher à prédire l’avenir, donnons à chaque enfant les moyens de construire le sien.

Where would you like to start?

Two themes, chosen by the association: everyday life with a disability in Geneva, and the syndrome itself.

Disability in Geneva

Resources, rights and concrete solutions for families.

Daily life

Inclusive activities & outings

Places to go, things to do and moments to share.

Rights & resources

Rights, procedures and equipment, and what helps parents find their way.

Shop & projects

A more personal section, which may also become a space for resources.

  • Séquence 17 shopComing soon

Smith-Magenis syndrome

Understand the syndrome, share experience and find day-to-day bearings.

Understanding the syndrome

Living day to day

  • Sleep
  • CommunicationComing soon
  • Emotions and behaviourComing soon
  • EatingComing soon
  • IndependenceComing soon
  • School and learningComing soon
  • Parents’ tipsComing soon

Supporting your child

  • Specific needsComing soon
  • Preventing difficultiesComing soon
  • Health and follow-up
  • Adaptations at homeComing soon
  • Supporting brothers and sistersComing soon
  • Resources for relativesComing soon

Experiences & community

When you are the parent of a child with complex needs, you have a million things going on at once. This site is built so you can find what you need quickly, without digging through complicated menus.

1 in 15,000–25,000estimated live births
MedlinePlus
>90%studied profiles with inverted melatonin rhythm
GeneReviews
RAI1gene central to most SMS features
MedlinePlus Genetics

Our mission

A resource families can rely on

To bring together, in one clear and current place, what a family in Geneva may need: specialised transport, useful contacts, activities, administrative information and sourced medical resources.

Our vision

That no family in Geneva has to work out alone what exists. The site is for professionals and teachers too, because so few people here know this syndrome.

Recognition

When the pattern fits, genetic testing can end the guessing.

SMS is a complex neurodevelopmental condition usually linked to a 17p11.2 deletion that includes RAI1 or to a pathogenic RAI1 variant.

Sleep disruption

Shortened or fragmented sleep, early waking, and daytime sleepiness can be part of an inverted circadian melatonin profile.

Inverted melatonin rhythm in >90% of studied profilesGeneReviews

Developmental profile

Developmental delay, speech-language impairment, infantile hypotonia, and sensory processing differences are common clinical features.

GeneReviews

Behavioral signals

Self-hugging, hand mouthing, teeth grinding, impulsivity, rapid mood shifts, and attention-seeking behaviors can be important diagnostic clues.

Self-injurious and physically aggressive behaviors >50%; nail-yanking, skin-picking and polyembolokoilamania 25-90% depending on age and group studiedGeneReviews

Physical findings

A broad square face, midface retrusion, short broad hands, hearing issues, and dental anomalies may appear with age.

MedlinePlus

This page is educational and is not a diagnostic tool. Suspected SMS should be evaluated by a qualified clinician and confirmed with genetic testing.

Sleep story

In SMS, the sleep signal can arrive at the wrong time.

Published clinical summaries describe an inverted diurnal melatonin rhythm in SMS, with daytime secretion contributing to sleepiness and a weaker night signal contributing to repeated waking. The diagram is illustrative, not a lab result.

Illustrative 24-hour melatonin timing based on the documented inverted diurnal rhythm in SMS; not to scale.

Illustrative 24-hour melatonin clockIllustrative 24-hour melatonin timing based on the documented inverted diurnal rhythm in SMS; not to scale.061218relative levelDayNightSMS daytimemelatonin surgeTypical nighttimepeakNight waking riskTypicalSMSIllustrative pattern, not measured data

What can help now

The timing problem has a published approach to discuss with a clinician.

The inverted rhythm was documented in 2001, and an approach to correcting it was published in 2003: a beta-1 adrenergic blocker in the morning to suppress the daytime melatonin surge, and melatonin in the evening to reinstate a night signal. It is not a cure, and it is not universally standard of care. This section exists so a family can bring the citations to a clinician.

MelatoninTypicalSMS
Onset~9 PM~6 AM
Peak~3:30 AM12 noon
Offset~6 AM~8 PM

Morning

A beta-1 adrenergic blocker to suppress the daytime melatonin surge.

Evening

Melatonin to reinstate a nighttime signal.

Evidence

Rhythm inversion documented 2001; the paired approach published 2003 by de Leersnyder and colleagues.

This is not a prescription, and this page cannot know a specific child's history. Whether the 2003 protocol is formally endorsed as standard of care by the PRISMS clinical consortium could not be confirmed from published sources — treat it as a discussion to open with a clinician, not a settled recommendation.

Where expertise sits

Nine clinics hold a PRISMS SMS designation. Europe organizes the same expertise differently.

The PRISMS Clinic and Research Consortium publishes a roster of clinics that treat SMS specifically. PRISMS says families should confirm each clinic's services in advance, and that some, if not all, clinics may offer a telemedicine option instead of an in-person visit.

Drag to pan, scroll or use the buttons to zoom. European centres overlap at world scale — zoom in to separate them.

City-level positions of the nine consortium clinics. Marker labels are US state codes.

  • PRISMS consortium clinic — SMS-specific designation
  • ERN-ITHACA expert centre — rare malformation and intellectual-disability remit

ERN-ITHACA describes a 72-centre European network for rare malformation and intellectual-disability syndromes as a group — not for Smith-Magenis Syndrome specifically, as the nine PRISMS clinics are. This map plots the 72 current public directory records with coordinates, because that is the structure through which a European family reaches this expertise. Coordinates and named representatives come from ERN-ITHACA's own directory.

See all 51 contacts

This roster is US-only, but that is a fact about the roster, not about where SMS expertise exists. Europe designates it through different structures: ERN-ITHACA, the EU reference network for rare malformation and intellectual-disability syndromes, spans 72 expert centres across 25 of the 27 EU member states plus Norway and has published SMS cohort research, and Orphanet lists nationally designated expert centres per disease. A country missing from this map has not been shown to lack expertise. It means this site has not found a disease-specific clinic roster comparable to PRISMS. Switzerland sits outside the EU network entirely, and runs its own: six kosek-recognised reference centres for congenital malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders, the Swiss ITHACA network. The Geneva one is at the HUG, and its designation names exactly this category of syndrome.

Global network

Named researchers, clinicians, and patient-organization contacts, worldwide.

Every entry below is a real, individually verifiable person or organization with a documented connection to SMS — not a directory of everyone who could theoretically help, and not padded to look more global than the evidence supports. Contact info is public and professional; where it could not be independently confirmed, that is stated rather than guessed.

Drag to pan, scroll or use the buttons to zoom. European centres overlap at world scale — zoom in to separate them.
Researcher / clinicianPatient organization

See all 51 contacts

Confirmed named SMS expertise is still densest in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Canada. The map also includes source-backed patient-organization or case-report points in Austria, Germany, Norway, Spain, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, China, Mexico, Australia, and Israel. Latin America beyond Brazil and Mexico, and Africa as a whole, remain public-verification gaps in this pass — not proof that expertise does not exist there.

Not alone

Families and clinicians do not have to start from zero.

These organizations publish education, research updates, and community resources for people living with SMS and the teams caring for them.

See all 51 contacts

Research

Progress is strongest when it is concrete and dated.

Research participation, natural history data, and focused funding make SMS more visible to clinicians, scientists, and trial designers.

SMS research timeline, drawn to scaleFive documented milestones from 1982 to 2026, positioned by actual year so the gaps between them are proportional -- research pace has visibly accelerated in the most recent stretch. Titles for each point are in the list below this diagram.198219912000s202020222026
Positioned by year, not evenly spaced -- the gap between 1982 and 1991 is roughly 9 years; the gap into 2026 is about 4.

SMS described as a recognizable syndrome

The syndrome was identified before modern genomic testing made confirmation more accessible.

SMS Research Foundation

17p11.2 deletion evidence expanded

Published case work helped define SMS as a contiguous gene syndrome.

PubMed

Inverted melatonin rhythm documented

Clinical reviews describe a diurnal secretion profile as a distinguishing laboratory finding.

GeneReviews

SMS Patient Registry expanded languages

PRISMS reported registry materials in Spanish, French, Italian, and German.

PRISMS

Preclinical RAI1 rescue reported in mice

A published rAAV-CRISPRa study showed proof-of-principle genetic rescue evidence in an SMS mouse model.

PMC

Genetic therapy delivery research funded

SMS Research Foundation announced funding for a Yale project focused on delivery strategy.

SMS Research Foundation

Research programs are investigational unless a regulator has approved a specific therapy. This page does not present any disease-modifying treatment as available care.

Act

A practical action is structured participation.

Contribute to the SMS Patient Registry

A confirmed genetic diagnosis can help researchers understand natural history, sleep, development, and quality of life across more families.

Open registry

Support Séquence 17

Your donation goes directly to the association’s account and funds its work for families in Geneva.

Bank details

Account holder
Séquence 17, Petit-Lancy
IBAN
CH46 0900 0000 1697 8617 8
BIC
POFICHBEXXX
Bank
PostFinance · CHF

Share the pattern

Send sourced SMS resources to pediatricians, sleep clinicians, developmental specialists, educators, and genetic counselors when the history fits.

Write to us

A question, a need, or something we should add — write to us.

Séquence 17 is a young Geneva association. Every message is read by a person, not by a department.

Write on Instagram — @sidlernatacha

An email address and a postal address will be published here once the association's statutes are filed.

Site by supersolid.co

For clinicians

A practical checklist for the next visit.

Use this as an awareness prompt, then rely on published clinical guidance and genetics consultation for patient-specific decisions.

  • Consider SMS in the differential

    Pair developmental delay, behavioral phenotype, and severe sleep disruption with physical and family history findings.

  • Confirm genetically

    Chromosomal microarray can detect typical 17p11.2 deletions; sequencing may be needed when RAI1 variant disease is suspected.

  • Assess sleep directly

    Ask about early waking, nighttime fragmentation, daytime sleepiness, and safety issues around overnight wakefulness.

  • Screen common systems

    Use GeneReviews and PRISMS guidance for hearing, vision, cardiac, renal, neurologic, developmental, and behavioral follow-up.

  • Connect the family

    Offer the registry and reputable organizations after confirmation so families can choose their level of participation.

Key references